Singapore Airline

Introduction Overview of the Company Singapore Airline (SIA) is a widely recognized and celebrated brand name in the air transport industry for over 50 years. This is attributable to its route network that covers over 90 cities in more than forty countries and up to date air transport system.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Singapore Airline specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, SIA is a member of the Star Alliance which has increased its global presence to roughly 140 countries. All in all, the company’s strong brand name is mainly attributed to its excellent customer service (Singaporeair.com, 2013). For nearly four decades since SIA was detached from Malaysian Airway Limited it has continued to grow rapidly to become a world class airline. Experts attribute this to the company’s values and culture. Singapore Airline has impressed many people due to its creativity, diversity and c onstant growth. In addition, the company has been able to meet customers demand as well as gaining competitive advantage in both local and international market (Singaporeair.com, 2013; Ayob, 2004, P. 2). However, the journey has never been smooth throughout. The company has experienced numerous challenges both internal and external. The most notable predicament was the Asian economic crisis created by the outbreak of the SARS virus in 2003. The crisis forced the company to cut down wages and lay-off nearly 500 workers. As a matter of fact, this was considered as the largest number of employees to be ever laid-off in the company’s history. As a result, the relationship between the top management and the labor union started to worsen (UK Essays.com, 2012). So as to attain a world class status SIA went through the following chronology: SIA was established in 1947 under the name Malayan Airways; in 1963, SIA was rebranded to Malaysian Airways owing to the formation of the Malaysi an Federation.Advertising Looking for research paper on aviation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The name was later changed to Malaysian-Singapore Airline when Singapore became independent; in 1972, the company acquired the current name when it splits up from Malaysian Airways. In 1986, the girl wearing sarong kebaya (the company’s famous logo) was born. The young elegant, friendly and kindhearted girl on the SIA’s famous logo represents the culture that the company forever wants to devote to its customers (Singaporeair.com, 2013). From 1990 to 2001, the company purchased 178 aircrafts and expanded its route networks extensively. In 2004, Singapore Airline broke a world record by launching the longest ever commercial flight from Singapore to Los Angeles and New York. In 2007, SIA broke another world record by purchasing the largest passenger plane-A380. At the moment, SIA’s route networks spans more than 90 destinations and nearly forty countries. In addition, the company has the most modern fleet in the industry and dominates the South East Asian market (UK Essays.com, 2012). SWOT Analysis of the SIA SWOT analysis is an instrument that is often used to assess an organization and the environment. SWOT is an abbreviation for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. SWOT analysis is commonly used in business studies to explore the existing conditions in order to come up with possible solutions or strategies of addressing both internal and external challenges (OCBC Investment Research, 2011, p. 11). In this case, SWOT analysis will focus on Singapore Airline. The main objective of the analysis is to have firsthand experience of the problems facing the company and gain knowledge concerning probable developments and potentials. Strength and Weakness The main foundation of any company is their staff (Kotler, 2001, p. 6). SAI boasts of highly trained and disciplined personnel whos e main focus is passengers comfort and satisfaction. Service quality and customer satisfaction have always been the core of SAI as enshrined in its vision and mission statement. The company has managed to achieve all these because of its highly competent staff, which includes the pilots and mechanics.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Singapore Airline specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This has benefited both the company and the customers. For instance, SIA’s service quality has attracted other users like institutions, tourism sector, VIPs among others. In addition, the company also has state of the art training facility for its human resource (OCBC Investment Research, 2011, p. 11). SIA is a well established airline with a very sound background. The company has always remained profitable despite of numerous challenges both internally and externally. Most of the company’s profits have always been invested back to expand the business. In addition to the strong financial base, SIA also has numerous other resources that have given it an edge over its rivals. For example, SIA has one of the leading freight handling facilities in the region. The company also has over 95 aircrafts and communication systems which are replaced after every five years. In addition, SIA’s flight kitchen based in Changi is one of the largest in the world. Last but not least, the company’s brand quality is in all probability the most potent resource. The brand has been nurtured for over three decades to be the most acknowledged and distinguished in the aviation industry (Ayob, 2004, p. 3). Singapore airline is devoted to the idea of open skies where consumer demand determines the flight destination. However, the company has been unable to access certain countries and airports due to their protectionist policies. For instance, it took the company a lot of years to access Heathrow and Ma nchester airports. At the moment, it is still struggling to access transatlantic routes from the United Kingdom. Other weaknesses include lack of growth opportunities for the Flagship Singapore Airline and agility to deal with global crisis (OCBC Investment Research, 2011, p. 11). Threats and opportunities The main opportunity for Singapore Airline is the growth of passenger and cargo transport in South-East Asia and the world at large. At the moment, much smaller and remote places are becoming open to the globe. This provides an opportunity for SIA to expand its services. The introduction of lost-cost carrier (LCC) is aimed at capturing this new market segment (UK Essays.com, 2012).Advertising Looking for research paper on aviation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The major threat facing SIA is the increased competition from the Middle East airlines, for example, Tiger Airways and Jestar Airlines. The airline also faces restrictive regulations in certain countries, for instance, the United Kingdom. Another threat is the probable economic depression and pressure on fuel prices (OCBC Investment Research, 2011, p. 11). Porter’s five forces analysis of the SIA This model is based on the comprehensive outlook on the company’s strategies that meets the opportunities and threats within and without the industry. The five forces as identified by porters include: threats of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers and customers, threat of substitutes, and the rivalry within the industry. Porter’s five forces analysis not only offers a significant foundation for strategic analysis but also examines the viability of the industry to come up possible course of actions (Porter 1980, p. 3). Singapore Airline is regarded as a distinct industry in Singapore market. As a result, the Porter’s five forces and other externalities have considerable impact on the airline. Regionally, the airline is regarded as the market leader because of its outstanding service delivery and distinguished brand. However, over the recent past, Singapore Airline has been faced with stiff competition from the Middle East airlines and other news entrants. For that reason, industry analysis is very crucial for the company in order to cope with the current and prospective challenges (Singaporeair.com, 2013). The ease of entry into a market dictates the level of competition. The threat of entry significantly depends on the barriers put in place to ward off the new entrants (Kotler, 2001, p. 33). SIA controls the largest share of the South East Asian market to a near monopoly. Despite of the fact that Singapore has not restricted access to its route networks, smaller airlines have always found it very difficult to access this market. Nev ertheless, the rapid development of the region’s economy and the tourism sector has attracted global airlines into the market (UK Essays.com, 2012). Customer’s bargaining power in the airline industry are very high. This is due to the fact that buyers have numerous options to choose from. Therefore, Singapore Airline needs to focus most of its attention on consumer satisfaction and provision of exceptional services. The power of the supplier in the airline industry is also important and has significant impact on the company’s competitive capacity. For this reason, Singapore Airline has established strong ties with its suppliers and other airline companies (UK Essays.com, 2012). The airline industry has highest threat of substitutes, particularly Singapore where the sole means of international movement is air transport. The threat increased with the introduction of the low-cost carriers. Therefore, SIA must take notice of the threats in different market segments (UK Essays.com, 2012). Lately the company has been experiencing stiff competition not only from the Middle East airlines but also from major global players, for instance, Cathay Pacific Airways, British Airways and Fly Emirates among others. However, Singapore Airline has been able to maintain a competitive edge over its rivals by improving its apparatus, increasing fleet network, offering exceptional services and promoting its brand (Singaporeair.com, 2013). Conclusion Industrial analysis of the Singapore Aviation industry provides an empirical overview of how external factor impacts the operations of the Singapore Airline. The main purpose of this analysis is to explain the external business environment, its dynamics and forces that propel the changes. The fundamental idea behind the two tools of analysis is that businesses have to adjust to the externalities. This reflects the idea that business strategies and goals have to fit in between the capabilities and externalities and th erefore it is necessary for an industry/ entity to adjust to the changes. References Aaker, D.A. (2005). Strategic Market Management. Hobeken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons. Ayob, A.M. (2004). Singapore Airlines Limited: Building a Culture of Service Excellence. Web. Kotler, P. (2001). Kotler on Marketing: How to Create, Win and Dominate Markets. New York: Free Press. OCBC Investment Research. (2011). Singapore Airlines Limited. Company Report (MITA No. 022/06/2011). Singapore: OCBC. Porter, M.E. (1980). Competitive strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors. New York: Free Press. Singaporeair.com. (2013). Singapore Airline: Our History. Web. UK Essays.com. (2012). Pestel and Five-Force Analysis of Singapore Airline. Web. This research paper on Singapore Airline was written and submitted by user Parker Holder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Night Father-son Relationship essays

Night Father-son Relationship essays Elie Weisels memoir Night focuses on Elies harsh life in the concentration camp. One of the important aspects of the books is the change in not only Elies father-son relationship but other father-son relationships in the book. The book reveals a great deal on how humans can change in a harsh environment like the concentration camp. The concentration camp is the cause of the change in the father-son relationship. For the father-son relationship, Elie gets closer. At the beginning of the book Elies father was occupied with his business and the doings of his community. Elies father discourages him to study the Cabbala when Elie asked if he could find a master to guide his studies for the Cabbala. Elies father replies by saying You must first study the basic subjects within your own understanding. (pg 2) From this we see that Elies father isnt willing to give up his time to teach Elie, or to even bother finding a man who will help him with study the Cabbala. In the beginning at the concentration camp, Elie sees his father beaten by Idek who suddenly broke out in a frenzy. Elie watched Idek beat his father while he kept quiet and didnt move. Elie says I was angry with him, for not knowing how to avoid Ideks outbreak. That is what the concentration camp life had made me. (pg 52) Elie does not show any sympathy for his fathers life because he was trying to avoid Idek and he gets angry at his father for not knowing how to avoid Idek. Elie fears that helping his father would result him being hurt. At the end of the book, Elie is incredibly closer to his father. The only thing that was keeping Elie and his father alive was the existence of each other. If one died, the other person probably could not make it, and would die eventually. My fathers presence was the only thing that stopped me... I had no right to let mys...

South Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

South Africa - Essay Example It is important to note that 1948 was an election year whereby there were two major parties competing; i.e. the National Party and the United Party (Worger, 2004). The United Party on one hand had a soft stand on apartheid as it tended to lean towards integration of all communities and races, which was believed to be unavoidable. To the majority whites, this meant that all South Africans would therefore enjoy equal rights under the leadership of the party and therefore, there were fears among the whites that the non whites would increase competition in the job market especially if they were allowed to migrate to the urban centers, which would have also meant that the cost of labor in the industries would have gone up as the whites utilized cheap labor from the non whites. The National party on the other hand utilized this fear and came up with a pro-apartheid policy which it vowed to establish once it was elected into power and which saw its winning the elections and therefore produc ing the first prime minister under the apartheid regime (Thompson, 2001). The events that followed can only be termed as the worst historical injustices in the history of South Africa.

Marriage in Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

Marriage in Crisis - Essay Example After this, the next step is to analyze the families based on the multi-generational transmission concept. Since it is generally accepted that those who were abused generally repeat the cycle by becoming abusers, this is probably the case with Luis. By allowing him to understand this and reviewing his own feelings as a child, he can develop empathy for what he is putting his children through. Furthermore, some of the issues Jessica is causing also need to be addressed. Jessica’s relationship is unstable, as Bowen argued that many two-person relationships are. Therefore, to bring about stability, she tends to involve her older son. This is unhealthy for her son since he is too young to understand fully the repercussions of what is going on. Therefore, this situation needs to be addressed, and Jessica needs to be taught alternate methods for handling her issues.   Genograms cam is a very helpful tool in a number of situations. In the situation of Jessica and Luis, it can provide a helpful visual chart that may help to make them more aware of their bad situation. Jessica and Luis are undergoing many relationship issues, and genograms can be helpful in providing awareness in issues like this. The genogram itself â€Å"is a visual representation of an individuals family of origin and is similar in concept to a family tree† (Daughhetee, 2001, p. 21). It has been used for many decades in family therapy and was initially created by Murray Bowen. The genogram allows the counselor and the family to take a look at the relationships, roles, patterns, and functions that are common within the family. This can, therefore, allow the counselor to gather important data, cover levels of functioning, create a hypothesis, and increase the awareness of the family regarding the emotional processes and repercussions their family structure may be undergoi ng (Daughhetee, 2001).   

Quality assurance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Quality assurance - Assignment Example Without the customers, it is believed that quality would not be a concern in this case. Pleasing the customer in this principle is key for the sustenance of the organization. Therefore, a customer’s taste and preference has constantly to be known so as to know the quality required. Organizations constantly thrive to become better than they were before due to the ever competing and changing world. Human beings are always dynamic in nature and tend to change with what is on the trend. Companies too have to do so by improving towards the better. This can be achieved in total quality management by ensuring that they have implemented changes in their production process that would lead to efficacy and deliverance of quality products and services. Through comparison with the past, good companies always works towards improving on their performance (Asher 2002, p.78).Successful companies ensure that they deliver quality products and services through emphasizing on improvement of factors of production. Labour for instance can be shaped to become better through proper training and recruitment of qualified staff members suited for the job. Organizations tend to have certain type of suppliers that deliver high quality goods. In case of possessing many suppliers, there those who will deliver low quality goods at a high price, whereas there are those who will stick to their principles and supply the best they can offer at an affordable price. It is always important for organizations to maintain such suppliers close to them than those who deliver poor quality products. The two most important structures in management that can contribute greatly to effective quality assurance and high customer satisfaction is by having a team of qualified workers plus a quality assurance department that is working. First of all, in order for an organization to have skilled workers that will work efficiently and deliver quality products and

Terrorism: A Global War

Terrorism: A Global War TERRORISM Now a day the world became a global village due to rapid scientific development. But the major issue through out the world is terrorism. The word ‘terrorism has its different sense. It is necessary to know what Terrorism is and why it is generated. Initially the terrorism belongs to one area, between certain groups, between few races and religions. But now there are no barriers for terrorism. This is the resent trend of terrorism. The main reasons for the generation of Terrorism is extremism, Patriotism, Regionalism as well as Racism. People may become terrorists if they have been unjustified in their personal issues also. It is not possible to give clear-cut meaning of Terrorism, but it can be said that embracing Terrorism will be the destruction of Country, State, people etc As per the Aims of Terrorists on global level are concerned, they want to destroy right to live, freedom and safety, which are regarded as the basic fundamental rights. Destroying the basic values of a democratic society is also another objective. Terrorism should be controlled and must be fought on all stages and by all the players of society: organizations, political players, economic players, and civil and military structures. For that there must be coordination among each other to combat this global threat, which questions our freedom. The Terrorism became a moving target, terrorists activities can be commenced for all sorts of reasons abstractly at least, for none at all other than to promote revolution or to express disgust. The terrorists act generally occurs out of grievance and aggravation, real or imagined, religious, political, economic and personal. Terrorism or the threat of terrorism, can involve weapons of mass destruction, or it can consist of measures of massacre domination and intimation directed on individuals, at a group or class or on all the inhabitants of a region or state. Initially the terrorism was limited to one opponent but now they are trying to see with global vision. The supporters of their opponents are also targeted. The LTTE a terrorist organization primarily is waging guerilla war against the Sri Lankan government, but also assassinated Indian Prime Minister for supporting Sri Lanka. The Talibans not only were against the Christianity but also shown their animosity against Buddhist statutes. Even there were factions among the same religions, which is taking number of lives of the same religion. Terrorists Network: As the world became global village, the technique used by the terrorists also became sophisticated. Crimes have been committed by utilizing Internet for easy transformation of data, which is affecting public. Bomb blasting through remote control, Mobiles, etc became the normal practice of the terrorists. A terrorist is identified by the means employed by him and not by the goal. That means the goal may be right but the way used to achieve the goal by adopting illegal means is wrong. That amounts to terrorism. The major aggression of the terrorist was to distress World Trade Center which took place on 11th September 2001 in USA. It was a shock to the world which left a bad memory in the modern history where more than 5000 people lost their lives. After occurrence of major global horror and dangerous incident to the existence of peace on 11th September 2001 several governments took measure through acts. The USA government took serious note about Terrorism on international level, and other countries also worked for the safety of general public, conducted convention and discussed over the issue of terrorism. Later on, the USA with the combination of alliance and with the acquiescence of UNO attacked on Iraq to squash the terrorists showing some proofs against the peace; conclusively the leader of Iraq, President Saddam Hussain has been sentenced to death. Precautionary measures have been taken on international level to tackle the problem of terrorism. It was stated in the European Summit meeting in Berlin, that the United States and the European Union have the same aim of global cooperation in the fight against terrorism. Nations should get together on a global level and act for security of them selves and world at large. This should be done without disturbing others sovereignty and personal freedom. Impact of Terrorism It is revealed that some countries are perpetuating Terrorist on the name of Religion, Race etc. At present, the most wanted Terrorist is Osama-bin-ladin. Several efforts have been made to detain him; so many persons have been slaughtered stating that they belong to Osama. U.S.A warned other countries not to protect him and raised voice against terrorism. So many legislations have been passed in UNO to trounce terrorism all over the world. A seminar on â€Å"Regional and Global Terrorist Threats: The way Out† recently held at CRRID, Chandigarh in association with the M.L.Sondhi Institute for Asia-Pacific Affairs involved participants from CIS, Israel, Pakistan, Nepal and India. One of the participants questioned the concept of the global war on terror, since each manifestation can be traced to particular and local political causes as in Sri Lanka, Chechnya, Northern Ireland, Kashmir and Palestine. Perhaps it is more a â€Å"global† than a global phenomenon, with international technologies and methodologies applied to local situations. Hence the suggestion is that nations cannot take each terrorist organization as a different one. Even though they are different they are interlinked and mutually supportive. So a concreted international effort can only eradicate terrorism totally. The EU and the fight against terrorism: The security measure were reinforced by the EU since September 11th,2001. they have made more stringent efforts after the attacks on Madrid in 2004, and London in 2005. A new strategy was developed and adopted at the European level. It has appointed a coordinator to fight against terrorism. This strategy has 4 themes: Prevention: consists of avoiding individuals from indulge towards terrorism by tackle the major cases which lead to the recruitment of terrorists and radicalization. Protection includes protecting citizens by reducing vulnerability in the fact of attacks. Perusal concerns directly to the terrorists themselves both inside Europe and outside Europe. It concerns preventing communication, planning, movement, disruption of support networks and strict acts on monetary polices preventing access to finance and equipment. Reaction concerns the fire fighters directly. This is the last step and once predictor ad prevention has failed, obviously the next step will be reaction. Civil protection in European level is covered by a Community mechanism, which was created in October 2001. As of now there are thirty countries i.e., 25 European countries and other countries like Iceland, Bulgaria, Norway Liechtenstein and Romania are grouped under this mechanism. Under this mechanism there are few measures and guidelines that the commission has set up. They mostly look forward for mutual assistance in sharing information through better communication. This mechanism keeps the members in attention and make sure that they will act in any emergencies. Policies and Legislations: Anti-terrorism legislations were passed at international level with the aim to tackle terrorism. It includes specific amendments allowing the state to avoid its own legislation when combating terrorism-allied crimes under the grounds of necessity. Since 1934 the foremost Agenda on International level was Terrorism, with the establishment of League of Nations and even with the establishment of United Nations in the month of June 1945. The UN General Assembly implemented the Global Counter-Terrorism strategy on 8th September 2006. There are some more related international conventions which were enacted to counter terrorism are U.K Terrorism Act, 2006, Australian Anti-Terrorism Act, 2005, Terrorist and disruptive Activities (prevention) Act, Military Commissions Act of 2006, SAFETY Act. Special measures taken to safeguard the public Several international organizations and even governments of the countries are making enough efforts to safeguard public from terrorism. Resolutions such as 1267, 1269, and 1333 of United Nations Security Council condemned the acts of international terrorism and asked the member nations to draft relevant laws to control it. Even Security Council 1368s resolution also was taken aftermath of September 11. It states terrorism as a threat to international peace and security. The measures generally focus on the implementation of co-operation and support activities among the nations. The measures should not be so coercive and must not constitute threat. There should be quick search and rescue activities by the forces. After the event of 11th September 2001 in USA special measures were taken by the foreign countries to safeguard the general public in order to achieve Charter of the UNO against terrorist attack in USA as well as Humanitarian Measures based on relevant resolution passed by the United Nations. Later on an Anti terrorism bill passed in the United States which provided aid to the families of Public Safety officer who were injured or killed in terrorist attack. Overview of the relevant case laws: NEUREMBERG TRIAL 96 FRD.69 (1946) United State Vs. Abu Marzook 2006 W 25008 (N.B.ILL) The brief facts of case law Nuremberg Trail: Twenty Germany Nazi leaders and six organizations committed genocides during the Second World War. They were prosecuted as war criminals. The evidence proved that they committed with common planning and conspiracy. The Nuremberg Tribunal was established after the Second World War to try the war criminals of many. The trial started on 20-11-1945. Judgment: The Nuremberg Tribunal gave its judgment on 30-9-1946. It found that all the accused except three were the guilty of criminal offences and genocides. It acquitted those three, and imposed death sentence for ten accused, awarded punishment of transportation for life to 3 accused and awarded imprisonment for a long period to four accused. The Tribunal also found that out of six organizations, only tow organizations (the Reich Cabinet and the General Staff and High Command) were not guilty and the remaining four organizations were guilty. Principles : The Tribunal rejected the defenses of ‘nullum crimen sine lege, nulla poena sine lege (There is no crime more punishment except in accordance with law) and act of State. The Tribunal observed. The fact that a person who committed an act, which constitutes a crime under international law acted as the head of the State or responsible government official does not relieve him from responsibility under international law. Implication of terrorist attacks in recent days: With the recent developments number of universities and research agendas are adding terrorism as topic and lot of ‘think thanks are into that work. Still up to the September 11 incident the people all over the globe were not particular about the terrorism except form nations like India, Sri Lanka, Colombia, Algeria, Israel and few more which were facing it form many decades. â€Å"After 9/11 it became impossible, even for the most sheltered ivory-towered academic, to deny the reality of terrorism. The hijacked airliners were deliberately flown into the World Trade Center and Pentagon, killing an estimated 3,000 civilians.†Many conventions and declaration proclaimed a transformation of the world. But American responded negatively and continued the established approaches, polices trends etc after 9/11. September 11,2001, attacks shown the vulnerability of the Super power. But it responded and demonstrated that America remains exceptional in its capacity to deploy vast reso urces and destructive assets on a global scale. Immediate actions against the Taliban regime, reveled it as a hegemonic power. It bounced back well than every one expected. It is a process of removal of its opponents all around the world and calling them as a threat to global threat. It used the situation well for its own uses on the name of ‘war against terrorism. The world is afraid of the word terrorism. The general public, nations ranging from developing to developed are not in a position to hear the term terrorism at least. The terrorist organization are taking this as an advantage and trying to create more chaos among the public. Initially they used the media as a tool to communicate their demands but with the more accessibility they are using it as a tool to create more confusion among the pubic. They are even hacking confidential documents of government, which became a major concern to them now. People were upset with the terrorism. This is one of the aims of terrorism . Terrorists were doing their activities from several decades but now they came into a global arena. This order to control global terrorism nations also started a ‘war against Terrorism under the leadership of America. This became a global phenomenon now. Now we entered into a permanent state of emergency, which is now called ‘war on Terrorism. The attacks of terrorist now are very difficult to under stand. Intelligence authorities are failing to trace the information of attacks. They are ending in doing the aftermath analysis, which tells about the failure, the death toll and the lapses. To defend the terrorism there are two methods like anti-terrorism and counter terrorism. The antiterrorism is dealt with the lawful steps, which can be taken by the government with the special legislation and also martial law. The later one is the aggressive one and which talks about the armed methods. These include assassinations, arbitrary reprisals on the terrorists. â€Å"Terrorism is, among other things, a weapon used by the weak against the strong.† The world is entering the 21st century with lot of hope and improvement it had gone through the last centuries. These will be accompanied with the terrorism, which has the power to question the existence of peace and tranquility. EU measures after September 11. The new laws had lot of impact upon the immigrants, non-citizens and asylum seekers lives. In order to mitigate the more effect on those EU took enough safe guards and kept citizens and non-citizen in same line. We know that there remains a scope of suspicion and rejection of non-citizens in wide manner. After September 11, 2001 the stringent immigration polices and harsh asylum has fostered the potential nexus among all the groups. This was reveled after the attacks on Morocco and Saudi Arabia. Every country has strengthened its judiciary and police administration after September 11,2001. Apart from that the nations havent progressed much. The focus was mostly shifted in making stringent laws against the immigration laws and non-citizens, which even made the condition worse than before. Numerous attempts are going on to combat terrorism on International level, in this regard, mostly United Nations playing a significant role to eradicate the terrorists acts. On the other hand, the Security Council has also making efforts in countering terrorism through various norms passed by the UNO to squash the illegal acts of the terrorist. Further the UNO extended its assistance with the Member of USA and opened a new phase in their counter-terrorism efforts by agreeing on a global strategy to counter terrorism. The strategy adopted and launched on 19 September 2006 by the common agreement of the world with equivalent strategic approach to fight against terrorism. In September 2005 Summ it a strategy builds on the unique consensus to strengthen the role of the United Nations to condemn terrorism in all its forms to combat terrorist felony. Following measures taken against Terrorism 1. During the past years the Republic of Cyprus not faced any terrorist activities which threat to the country, so they doesnt consider it. Even in the presence of two military bases of Britishes and the Turkish livelihood of the northern part of its territory. In the opinion of the Cyprus govt. terrorism is not based on any religion. 2. Institutional Framework The Ministry of Foreign affairs has a role in the general coordination and transmission of information though it is indirectly involved in the measures of counter-terrorism. Conversely, (MOKAS) Customs and Excise Department) are eagerly in cooperation for the adoption and implementation of the provisions of United Security Council. The Cyprus policy against terrorism at international level has been formulated by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in coordination with European Union and U.N. Twelve protocols and conventions are contracted by the Republic of Cyprus which is signatory to squash the terrorists nuclear act terminating of the negotiations and the implementation of the Comprehensive Convention against International Terrorism. Cyprus is totally agreed to the provisions of UN Security Council Resolution 1371 (2001) to combat terrorism. The fifth report of the same was submitted on 2nd August 2005. Measures in the European Union: The Cyprus consents the objectives of the Counter-terrorism strategy and supports the European Union to combat terrorism. The main objectives of the strategy are, to protect citizens and their infrastructure, to trauma terrorists network and to stifle the terrorist attacks. The public policies should be so good enough that they can serve the purpose of controlling the terrorism and also safeguarding the public safety. All the advancement we made in our civilizations is questioned by the terrorism. So government should be fulfill the basic guidelines of police then only our development will have perfect meaning. References: 1. Countering the New Terrorism. Ian O. Lesser , Bruce Hoffman, John Arquilla, David Ronfeldt , Michele Zanini . Rand. Santa Monica, CA, 1999. Pp 85. 2. International instruments to counter terrorism, United Nations. International instruments to counter terrorism, United Nations December,22,2007. 3. Letter to a Frenchman on the Present Crisis (1870) by Mikhail Bakunin Letter to a Frenchman on the Present Crisis (1870) by Mikhail Bakunin http://marxists.org/reference/archive/bakunin/works/1870-frenchman.htmDecember,22,2007. 4. Global Responses to Terrorism: 9/11, Afghanistan and beyond. Mary Buckley, Rick Fawn Routledge. : New York. 2003. Pp 25. 5. Global Responses to Terrorism: 9/11, Afghanistan and beyond. Mary Buckley, Rick Fawn Routledge.: New York. 2003. Pp: 52. 6. Terrorism: A Very Short Introduction. Charles Townshend. Oxford University Press. Oxford, England. 2002. Pp 1. 7. Terrorism: A Very Short Introduction. Charles Townshend . Oxford University Press. Oxford, England. 2002. Pp: 114.

Production Planning :: essays research papers

Production Planning Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The intention of this project is to demonstrate the function of production planning in a non - artificial environment. Through this simulation we are able to forecast, with a degree of certainty the monthly requirements for end products, subassemblies, parts and raw materials. We are supplied with information that we are to base our decisions on. The manufacturer depicted in this simulation was actually a General Electric facility that produced black and white television sets Syracuse, New York. Unfortunately this plant is no longer operational, it was closed down and the equipment was shipped off to China. One can only wonder if the plant manager would have taken Professor Moily's class in production management the plant still might be running.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Modern production management or operation management (OM) systems first came to prominence in the early half of the twentieth century. Frederick W. Taylor is considered the father of operations management and is credited in the development of the following principles. a. Scientific laws govern how much a worker can produce in a day. b. It is the function of management to discover and use these laws in operation of productive systems. c. It is the function of the worker to carry out management's wishes without question.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many of today's method's of operation management have elements of the above stated principles. For example, part of Material Requirement Planning system (MRP) is learning how workers to hire, fire, or lay idle. This is because it we realize the a worker can only produce so many widgets a day, can work so many hours a day, and so many days a year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I will disagree with principle â€Å"c† in that the worker should blindly carry out the wishes of management. Successful operations are based upon a two- way flow of thought and suggestions from management to labor. This two-way flow of ideas is incorporated into another modern system of operations management, the Just - In - Time system. Eastman Kodak gives monetary rewards to employees who devises an improvement in a current process or suggests an entirely new process of manufacturing. Often a small suggestion can yield a big reward when applied to a mass-produced item. Body   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this project we are presented with the following information: bounds for pricing decisions, market share determination, the product explosion matrix, sales history (units per month at average price), unit value, setup man-hours, running man hours, initial workforce, value of inventory, on hand units. We also know that we have eight end products, four subassemblies, eight parts, and four raw materials. The eight end products are comprised entirely from the

Of Human Bondage by William Somerset Maugham Essay

In the novel Of Human Bondage, the main character, Philip Carey, has a myriad of people whom are very influential in his life. William Somerset Maugham portrays Philip as having three women in his life that are of great importance to Philip’s character. These three women are Mildred Rogers, Norah Nesbit, and Sally Athelny. Mildred is a negative influence on Philip whereas the other two women serve as positive influences in Philip’s life. Of the three, Philip loves Mildred the most, though Mildred loves him not. Mildred is a negative influence on Philip. Though he loves her, she doesn’t love him back. She is grateful toward Philip and rewards him with various degrees of affection. This forebodes the fact that she becomes a prostitute later on in the novel. While with Philip, Mildred distracts him from studying and causes him to spend all his money to take her out to eat and see musicals. This causes Philip to fail his two very important medical examinations. Mildred is a snobby, stupid, callous, shallow, vain, and selfish woman. Aware of Philip’s feelings for her, she takes advantage of him. She accepts his gifts and seeks his protection, but thwarts his affection. Philip forgives her for her deceitfulness and helps her when she is in trouble. In return for Philip’s love, kindness and generosity, she gives him pain, abuse, and misery. She proves her heartless nature when she runs away with Emil Miller, has an affair with Griffiths, and destroys Philip’s home. She also abandons her infant to the care of a stranger in order to enjoy life. This demonstrates her selfish nature. Mildred seems to be Philip’s foil. They’re so different from one another that Mildred doesn’t even understand Philip. Philip’s generosity, kindness, and love cannot be understood by such a selfish, vicious, hateful woman. It’s a wonder how Philip is bonded to this human anti-epitome. Philip chose Mildred because she is the type of woman that was a challenge for him. He had just begun medical school and was feeling bored when suddenly he came upon this ill-mannered slut of a waitress in a tea shop. From that moment on, he couldn’t get enough of her. He always tried to get back at her but never quite could. It was as if he was doomed to spend the rest of his life bonded to her. It was too much to bear for him. Her indifferent attitude toward him drove him mad over the brink of obsession. He tortured himself to try and  get a woman that he could never have and she would never love him back. He was even willing to marry her to get back at her for all the evil she inflicted upon him. Ph ilip finally breaks through the bonds of â€Å"love† and sees Mildred for who she really is – a conniving, callous prostitute. Norah Nesbit is another influential woman in Philip’s life. Though Philip doesn’t love Norah, she is a positive influence in his life nevertheless. Norah pampers Philip using her motherly instincts and encourages him to do what he can for himself: go on vacation to take a break, and study hard for school to pass his exams. She is successful in convincing Philip to focus on his studies rather than herself. Therefore when he’s with her, he passes all three exams without any trouble and has earned his vacation that he is reluctant to go on, but is persuaded by thoughtful Norah to do so. Unlike Mildred, Norah appreciates Philip and doesn’t allow him to waste his money. Philip intentionally chose Norah’s ilk because Norah is nurturing, kind-hearted, and loving. Philip chooses her in his time of need, after he is hurt by the harshness and pain that Mildred has inflicted upon him. She ameliorates him back to life after the thought and sight of Mildred has tormented him for many dreary months. Sally, the third and final influential woman in his life, helps Philip establish his identity in the world. The eldest child of Mr. Athelny, she is sensible, maternal, pretty, charming, and responsible. She is the pride of her family and wins the heart of everyone with her pleasant manners and warmth, including Philip. Sally falls for Philip’s simplicity and unassuming manner, but does not force herself on him. She patiently waits for him to recognize her appeal. While Philip vacations with the Athelnys in Kent, he begins to notice Sally and he realizes that he is attracted to her. He begins to see her regularly and decides to spend the rest of his life with her. She accepts his proposal of marriage. Sally is a contrast to Mildred. Sally’s presence calms Philip, while Mildred’s presence troubles him. His passion for Mildred had disrupted his life and career, but Sally’s love gives him hope for a bright future. Philip learns to love Sally, though not like Mildred, and she loves him back. Therefore Sally is the best woman for Philip since they both love one another. Sally is there when Philip needs  her. She’s not pushy or demanding, so Philip chooses her because he needs someone of her ilk to depend upon after Mildred ruins his life yet again by making him homeless and penniless.

Biography of Edmund Cartwright, English Inventor

Biography of Edmund Cartwright, English Inventor Edmund Cartwright (April 24, 1743–October 30, 1823) was an English inventor and clergyman. He patented the first power loom- an improved version of the handloom- in 1785 and set up a factory in Doncaster, England, to manufacture textiles. Cartwright also designed a wool-combing machine, an instrument for making rope, and a steam engine powered by alcohol. Fast Facts: Edmund Cartwright Known For: Cartwright invented a power loom that improved the speed of textile production.Born: April 24, 1743 in Marnham, EnglandDied: October 30, 1823 in Hastings, EnglandEducation: University of OxfordSpouse: Elizabeth McMac Early Life Edmund Cartwright was born on April 24, 1743, in Nottinghamshire, England. He graduated from Oxford University and married Elizabeth McMac at the age of 19. Cartwrights father was the Reverend Edmund Cartwright, and the younger Cartwright followed in his fathers footsteps by becoming a clergyman in the Church of England, serving initially as the rector of Goadby Marwood, a village in Leicestershire. In 1786, he became a prebendary (a senior member of the clergy) of  Lincoln Cathedral (also known as St. Marys Cathedral)- a post he held until his death. Cartwrights four brothers were also highly accomplished. John Cartwright was a naval officer who fought for political reforms to the British Parliament, while George Cartwright was a trader who explored Newfoundland and Labrador. Inventions Cartwright was not only a clergyman; he was also a prolific  inventor, though he didnt begin experimenting with inventions until he was in his 40s. In 1784, he  was inspired to create a machine for weaving after he visited inventor Richard Arkwrights cotton-spinning mills in Derbyshire. Although he had no experience in this field and many people thought his ideas were nonsense, Cartwright, with the help of a carpenter, worked to bring his concept to fruition. He completed the design for his first power loom in 1784 and won a patent for the invention in 1785. Although this initial design was not successful, Cartwright continued to make improvements to subsequent iterations of his power loom until he had developed a productive machine. He then established a factory in Doncaster to mass produce the devices. However, Cartwright had no experience or knowledge in business or industry so he was never able to successfully market his power looms and primarily used his factory to test new inventions. He invented a wool-combing machine in 1789 and continued to improve his power loom. He secured another patent for a weaving invention in 1792. Bankruptcy Cartwright went bankrupt in 1793, forcing him to close his factory. He sold 400 of his looms to a Manchester company but lost the remainder when his factory burned down, possibly due to arson committed by handloom weavers who feared they would be put out of work by the new power looms. (Their fears would eventually prove to be well-founded.) Bankrupt and destitute, Cartwright moved to London in 1796, where he worked on other invention ideas. He invented a steam engine powered by alcohol and a machine for making rope, and helped Robert Fulton with his steamboats. He also worked on ideas for interlocking bricks and incombustible floorboards. Improvements to Power Loom Cartwrights power loom needed some improvements, so several inventors took on the challenge. It was improved upon by Scottish inventor William Horrocks, the designer of the variable speed batton, and also by American inventor  Francis Cabot Lowell. The power loom was commonly used after 1820. When it became efficient, women replaced most men as weavers in textile factories. Although many of Cartwrights inventions were not successful, he was eventually recognized by the House of Commons for the national benefits of his power loom. The legislators awarded the inventor a prize of 10,000 Britsh pounds for his contributions. In the end, despite Cartwrights power loom being highly influential, he received little in the way of a financial reward for it. Death In 1821, Cartwright was made a Fellow of the Royal Society. He died two years later on October 30, 1823, and was buried in the small town of Battle. Legacy Cartwrights work played a pivotal role in the evolution of textile production. Weaving was the last step in textile production to be mechanized because of the difficulty in creating the precise interaction of levers, cams, gears, and springs that mimicked the coordination of the human hand and eye. Cartwrights power loom- though flawed- was the first device of its kind to do this, accelerating the process of manufacturing all kinds of cloth. According to the Lowell National Historical Park Handbook,  Francis Cabot Lowell,  a wealthy Boston merchant,  realized that in order for America to keep up with Englands textile production, where successful power looms had been in operation since the early 1800s, they would need to borrow British technology. While visiting English  textile mills, Lowell memorized the workings of their power looms (which were based on Cartwrights designs), and when  he returned to the United States, he recruited a master mechanic named Paul Moody to help him recreate and develop what he had seen. They succeeded in adapting the British design  and the machine shop established at the Waltham mills by Lowell and Moody continued to make improvements in the loom. The first American power loom was constructed in Massachusetts in 1813. With the introduction of a dependable power loom, weaving could keep up with spinning as the American textile industry was underway. The power loom allowed the wholesale manufacture of cloth from ginned cotton, itself a recent innovation of  Eli Whitney. Though primarily known for his inventions, Cartwright was also an esteemed poet. Sources Berend, Ivn. An Economic History of Nineteenth-Century Europe: Diversity and Industrialization. Cambridge University Press, 2013.Cannon, John Ashton.  The Oxford Companion to British History. Oxford University Press, 2015.Hendrickson, Kenneth E., et al.  The Encyclopedia of the Industrial Revolution in World History. Rowman Littlefield, 2015.Riello, Giorgio.  Cotton: the Fabric That Made the Modern World. Cambridge University Press, 2015.

Taxation

Taxation After the 2007 economic recession, it is claimed that many people have defaulted in paying their taxes due to low returns and lack of jobs. The media has focused on the issue mainly because taxation is a sensitive issue to government. Anusha Shrivastava wrote that the Federal Reserve had not done enough during the last few years to boost the economy (1). In this regard, fiscal policies must be designed to ensure maximum taxation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Taxation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Policies made should be in line with the state’s monetary policies. This would stimulate the economy. Brenda Cronin observed that American households had witnessed a rise in their income in the recent days (2). She however predicts that economic growth could be temporary because of financial problems in other states. Cronin argues that there is some hope among Americans that the economy might favor them. This is welcomed by the state because taxation would be enhanced. Conversely, many people are not sure whether economic growth rate will hold. Citizens argue that one-month growth rate should not be used to speculate good future. Brendan Conway argues that taxation is projected to fall because American stock market is experiencing tensions due to the on-going financial meltdown in Europe (2). The columnist argues that Dow Jones Industrial unit had already witnessed a drop of 145 points or 1.2% of its total shares. This shows that economic tension is still a threat to taxation. Many citizens would not be able to pay their taxes. The claims in the media belong to the camp of freedom and community. The columnists are discussing some of the key issues that touch on the freedom of people and their communal living. Citizens are burdened with the responsibility of paying taxes yet they are not in a position. Taxation denies people their freedom because they become slaves only to pay taxes. Theref ore, the columnists present some problems that affect people in society. Citizens are seeking freedom although it is tied to other things. Economic freedom would liberate people from poverty. Cronin argues that the state does not except the poor from taxation. The rich are taxed in the same way as the poor. This represents inequality because the state should tax the rich to feed the poor. This shows that capitalism is a problem to society. It affects the lives of citizens because it leads to domination, alienation and pauperization. The existing tax system portrays inequalities because it increases the gap between the rich and the poor. The rich pay fewer taxes while the poor are taxed heavily. Such system leads to instabilities in the community because it affects the social structure. Families continue suffering because able members are forced to work hard only to pay taxes.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first pa per with 15% OFF Learn More Karl Marx argued that the economy determines all aspects of life. In this respect, life is depended on production and distribution. Marx focused on the work that people do in order to sustain their lives. The most important aspect of life is the means of production. The means of production such as tools, raw materials and skills are the base of any society. He observed that a small group in the society controls capital. The main aim of the owners of the means of production is to maximize profits. Plato on his part observed that justice is only achieved when people pay taxes. The best in society should be allowed to rule because they are able to bring justice and order. Citizens must be governed because they are highly appetitive. This means that they can easily be corrupted by the earthly. The philosopher king is compared to gold, meaning that he/she is the best in society (Nettleship 89). Soldiers are likened to silver. They do not have t he best knowledge to run the economy but they help the philosopher king in enforcing the law. Their main role is to make sure that people conform to the set rules. Citizens are like bronze. This means that they are not much valued. Plato argued that citizens must be respected because they are taxpayers. Any government cannot do without citizens. However, Plato observed that citizens must not be given a chance to rule because they are least qualified. Karl Marx would argue that the state is the property of the ruling class. The state serves the interests of the owners of means of production (27). Marx could further observe that policies made are meant to subjugate and dominate workers. Workers are forced to pay taxes making them to work hard. The owners of the means of production benefit because workers produce more goods to earn more wages. The state makes sure that people participate in economic development by setting standards for each person. Workers do not benefit from governmen t policies, which make them to rise up to the occasion and fight for their rights. Workers will one day overthrow the ruling class, leading to socialism. Marx argued that taxation is one of the reasons that will force workers to challenge the elites in society. He further observed that introduction of technology would contribute to worker’s dissatisfaction. Profits will fall among capitalists because of competition, which will force them to adopt technology because it is easy to control. Plato on his part was against capitalism because it supports democracy. Plato was disillusioned with the way Socrates was treated by the thirty tyrants (Blackburn 35). Socrates was falsely accused of inciting the youth against the aristocrats. Socrates was finally punished by death, something that did not go down well with Plato. Plato became an opponent of democracy, suggesting that the best form of government should be based on educational qualification. The most qualified would identify ho w much each person should pay in form of taxes. Democracy is the tyranny of the multitude according to Plato. He highly discouraged democracy because it oppressed some members of society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Taxation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Anusha, Shrivastava. Fed’s Williams: Fiscal Policy Actions ‘Badly Needed’. Wall Street Journal, 18 Nov. 2011. Web. Nov. 2011. https://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2011/11/18/feds-williams-fiscal-policy-actions-badly-needed/?mod=WSJBlogmod=marketbeat Blackburn, Simon. Plato’s Republic: A Biography. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2007. Conway, Brendan. Global Stocks Slide. Wall Street Journal, 20 Nov. 2011. Web. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204531404577051842829678760 Cronin, Brenda. Uptick in household income: Trend or hiccup. Wall Street Journal, 21 Nov. 2011. Web.  https://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2011/11/21/uptick- in-household-income-trend-or-hiccup/?mod=WSJBlogmod=marketbeat Marx, Karl. A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1977. Web.  https://www.marxists.org/ Nettleship, Richard. The Theory of Education in Platos Republic. London: Oxford, 1935.

Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Australia - Essay Example Australian government reforms introduced at various points in time has been also contributed to the economic development of this country. In addition sectors such as Mining sector have played a major role in ensuring a good economic growth in Australia. Australia GDP growth Australia gross domestic product rose by 2.6 percent in 2008. Export and the banking industries have also greatly contributed to the impressive economic growth. This paper therefore aims to make an analysis of the economic and cultural situation in Australia and examine the various factors that have contributed the positive growth in Australia. As already seen in paper one Australia is one of the world’s biggest markets and therefore entering Australia for investment requires a lot of hard-work. Before a company ventures into business in Australia it must first of all come up with clear and logical marketing objectives and strategies that will enable the company successfully venture into Australian market. As discussed in paper one new companies that want to enter into the Australian markets are likely to face a number of challenges that include competition from other companies producing similar products and the challenge of familiarizing their company to Australians and ensure that Australians are made aware of the company and its product before it is officially launched. In addition it should also be able to come up with strategies that it can employ to gain control of the product through exports and distribution. New companies must therefore anaylse their marketing objectives and strategies and ensure that measur es taken will enable them successfully enter in Australia as well as continue to remain in the Australian market. This paper will therefore explore the various strategies that the company will employ when venturing into business and come up with mechanisms it intends to use to overcome the possible challenges it is likely to face in order to successfully enter the

Development of Bio Materials for 3-Dimensional Printing Research Paper

Development of Bio Materials for 3-Dimensional Printing - Research Paper Example Prototyping Procedures In general, rapid prototyping (RP) is defined as the process of building or fabrication a physical part, layer by layer directly from its 3-dimensional computer aided design model (Choi and Samavedam, 2001). RP is also known in another term such as layer manufacturing, direct CAD manufacturing, solid freeform fabrication and rapid prototyping and manufacturing (RPM). From these several terms for RP it can be drawn that its basic principle is actually â€Å"additive manufacturing.† It is because the 3D object is being formed by building layer by layer through adding, depositing or solidifying one or more materials in a horizontal layer-wise process (Heynick and Stotz, 2006). Lam et al (2002) described the rapid prototyping (RP) as â€Å"the process of creating three dimensional (3D) objects through repetitive deposition and processing of material layers using computer-controlled equipment †¦ based on the 2D cross-sectional data obtained from slicing a computer-aided design (CAD) model,† (49). ...   The whole model is completed by printing successive 2D profiles on a fresh layer of powder. The profiles of each layer are joined using the printed binder and completed after the removal of the unbound powder and this has been used extensively for the fabrication of drug delivery devices (Wu et al, 1996). Tissue engineers soon caught up and started using 3DP to design and fabricate scaffolds (Wu et al, 1996). Developments include the use of the technology combined with salt leaching technique to fabricate polymeric scaffolds using copolymers of polylactide-coglycolide (PLGA, 85L:15G) and a suitable solvent. Cylindrical scaffolds (F O 8X7 mm) and managed to achieve interconnected porous channels of about 800 ?m and microporosities of 45–150 ?m by using salt leaching. They were able to attach large numbers of hepatocytes on the scaffolds. In a study that investigated cellular reactions to pore size and void fractions based on 3DP fabricated scaffolds, cell proliferation was observed on the scaffolds but varied between cell types and the experimental parameters. The scaffolds used in the experiment had varying pore sizes of 38–150 ?m and void fractions 75% and 90% (Zeltinger et al, 2001). RP is far different from traditional fabrication because this technology is only possible through the aid of the computer which controls all the mechanical system in fabricating 3D objects. Traditional fabrication technique could include solvent casting, gas foaming, fiber bonding/ meshes, phase separation, melt molding, emulsion freeze drying, solution casting, and freeze drying.